Potiential Future Effects of Global Warming - 1834 Words

Introduction Climate change is one the biggest threats to nature and mankind in the 21st century. The impacts of climate change are visible everywhere, whether its melting glaciers, rising sea level, severe storms, heavy flooding, reduced snowfall in the north and a severe drought in the south. It will also have a number of effects on the flora and fauna in the future. Scientists predict that global warming in the near future may cause a mass extinction of wildlife, affecting more than 1 million species, i.e. about a quarter of all kinds of currently known. World overheating causes significant changes in climatic conditions and it can damage sensitive ecosystems in which species live. Sea level rise is a potentially disastrous result of climate change. Glaciers melt because of the rising temperatures and ocean waters warm. Therefore, small island developing states and low-lying coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise and climate change. The more sea levels will ri se, the harder will be the situation for the coastal cities, and will be more impressive to erosion prone coast. Moreover, coastal areas will be exposed to impressive erosion. Coastal areas have an extremely high population density, since it is a home to more than 50% of the population, generating over 70% of gross national product. Moreover, the coastal zone is deeply integrated into the economy, even very distant from the shore areas and stresses on coastal zones seriously

The Natural Hazards Of Watertown, Ny Is Vulnerable Essay

Watertown, NY is vulnerable to various natural hazards. Hazard mitigation is very important to emergency management. Hazard mitigation are actions that are taken to minimize the efforts of a natural disaster. Identify and Characterize the Hazards Hazards affecting Watertown Category of Hazards Type of Hazards Ranking Atmospheric Extreme Temperatures, winter storms, tornadoes 1 Hydrologic Flooding, droughts 2 Geologic Earthquake, landslides 3 Extreme Temperatures Extreme cold will result in freezing rivers and ice jams. When these thaw out it will result in flooding. No matter where the freezing takes place, the after effect will always cause flooding which will have adverse effects on crops and vegetation. Extreme cold can cause frostbite and hypothermia. Strong winds along with extreme cold makes the conditions feel a lot worst. The high winds take away bod heat, making the body feel cold a lot faster. According to the New York State Climate Office, extreme cold events in New York State occur regularly and are most common between October and March. The northern states are the areas that are most susceptible to extreme temperatures. This is an acceptable risk. Despite the cold temperatures, you still have many people that venture into the cold to fight the freezing conditions. Winter Storm / Ice Storm Severe winter storms are characterized by the hazards of high winds, extreme cold, heavy snow. Winter storms consist of cold temperatures and heavy snow or ice.

BSc Participant Free Essays

These approaches can be implemented through the following methods, analytical, participatory, regulatory, protected area, systems approach, socio-cultural approaches and economic approaches. Command and control regulations- It’s an approach where political authorities mandate people, by enacting a law, to bring about a behavior and use an enforcement machinery to get people to obey the law. It’s an environmental management strategy where the government or responsible authorities sets standards to protect and manage the natural resources. We will write a custom essay sample on BSc Participant or any similar topic only for you Order Now This technique covers the regulatory and protected areas approaches. In Zombie the regulations involve the bylaws, legislative, reserved or protected areas and bio monitoring. The government of Zombie construct national parks like Generous National park, sanctuaries, Safari areas, recreational areas, botanical gardens/ reserves, state forests. The maintenance of biodiversity, natural resources and associated cultural resources. This approach worked well in Zombie as this was evidenced by the creation of many national and recreational parks thought it resulted in some negative impacts to the communities where these projects were done. Some of the problems were location of communities, poaching of the resources by the nearby communities for example the recent issue where 20 elephants were killed in Kari The approach of protected areas in town is appearing no to be considered when different developments are taking place in Zombie. A good example when the city council of Chitchatting gave residential stands on wetland areas of Zinged 4. Another good example it’s the construction of the new shopping mall that is along Hare-Bylaws road, that place was reserved by the city fathers of Hare as a wetland. This shows that the approach of protected areas in towns is not considered. This evidences the conflicts between economic development and conservation of resources using this approach. Another challenge faced by Zombie from these protected areas is land, some of these areas require very large pieces of land, and for example the Generous National Park is approximately 5000 km, and this is a very large piece of land that can be used for other economic uses. But on the other hand these areas can serves as income generation to the country through CEO-tourism. Another approach involves the regulatory policies and pieces of legislation. On legislation arioso acts have been put in place to date for the management of natural resources in Zombie. Some of the acts and policies are Forest, Minerals, Wildlife, Environmental management Acts. Some of the Acts are; Native husbandry Act (1951), National Parks Wildlife Act (1975), National Parks Wildlife Amendment Act (1984), Communal Land Act (1982) and the Water Act (1976). Described below are some of the Acts; The Zombie Environmental Management Act (2004) provides for the sustainable management of natural resources and protection of the environment; the prevention of pollution and environmental degradation. The Act also provides for the preparation of a National Environmental Plan and other plans for the protection of the environment. The implementing 134 agency of the Act is the Environmental Management Agency and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Management. The primary strategy embodied in the Act is crystallization. The Environmental Management Act is now the supreme environmental Law in Zombie. Another act is the Forest Act of 1954, the management of woodland and forest products is embodied in the Forest Act and the Communal Land Forest Produce Act. The Forest Act (1954) provides for management of wood resources wrought Zombie although its focus is state forests and on private land. The main management strategy in both acts is to establish conditions under which forest produce can be used and to determine and regulate the extent of that use. Both Acts rely on the crystallization of activities in order to protect and regenerate forest produce. The Forest Act creates forests officers who have general police powers of seizure and arrest. Designated officers or forest officers under the communal Land Forest Produce Act do not have power of arrest. These arrests may only be made by rest officers in Communal Areas where the charge is for an offense under the Forest Act (Camaraderie, 2000). Parks and wildlife Act (1975), the Act is administered exploitation of plants, trees and wildlife. Camaraderie (2000) argues that the Act seeks to protect indigenous plant life and prohibits its sale without a permit. However it allows pants to be harvested by the owner or occupier of land for use in the home of occupier. It further allows harvesting indigenous plants where the area is needed for cultivation and construction. All the regulatory legislation described above was enacted using the top- down approach. The masses were not consulted so as to incorporate their knowledge in the conservation of the resources hence the defilement. If participatory approaches had been used, indigenous knowledge could have been harnessed into the statutory acts. Although Acts mentioned above are vital to the country, they are failing to curb depletion of forest resources. Mismanagement of these forest resources is rife especially in most Communal Areas of Zombie regardless of the existence of the legal frameworks. One of the major causes of the misuse of forest products, especially trees, is arguably the fact that people are nearly ignoring traditional beliefs and indigenous knowledge systems in the sustainable management of natural resources. Economic Instruments approach- this is natural resources management strategy that uses the concepts of economics meaning it deals with the market. By dealing with the market it means it deals with the demand and supply. This approach uses economics to manage or regulate the environment by using supply and demand to minimize the impact of the human economy on ecosystems. This approach changes the behavior of resource users through subordination of natural resources in the form of tax incentive, user charges f the resource, soft credits that enables the good management of natural resources, pollution charges to the polluter of the environment. The method employs approaches like analytical and system approaches to achieve its natural resources management successfully. The method uses the â€Å"polluter -pays principle†. The economic instruments used by this approach involve taxes or charges that are paid by the producer or firms. Since the producer is being taxed this increases prices, which provides both opportunity and incentive for innovation; eventually the innovations are so successful that prices end up below what they were before the source shortages occurred Aeolian Simony’s rule of Ultimate Resource). The success of this technique depends on market developments and market variations. In Zombie economic benefit was identified as a major driver for sustainable natural resources management. The approach involves use of economic benefits as incentives to drive sustainable management of natural resources. Participatory approach- this involves empowering local communities to take up guardianship and stewardship over natural resources. Communities derive economic benefit by using natural resources as alternative land use. The most common participator programmer one in Zombie is the Community based Natural Resources Management (CPRM). The CPRM is where existing natural resources within an area are managed as a commercial enterprise at community level in a sustainable and productive manner. It has ecological benefits, it also makes sound economic sense by maximizing on the resources that are available and reducing the reliance on external inputs. The programmer started late sass with CAMPFIRE programmer, initiated by Zimmermann Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management, the wildlife, to rural communities. Because of its successful internationally in enabling immunities to derive a sustainable livelihood from wildlife management, the programmer achieved a great deal in terms of setting a stage for CPRM in Zombie. The problem with the CPRM was not covering all the resources; it was mainly focused on wildlife management. This presents a greater challenge to other resources since many Zimmermann communal areas are largely devoid of Wildlife. However to a larger extent the programmer was effective on managing natural resources in Communal areas of Zombie. This is because the programmer sought to decentralized the management of natural resources to rural communities which ivies these communities sense of ownership over the resources thereby motivating citizens to participate on managing the resources in their community. Another example of the participatory approach done in Zombie was the SAFARI MIT programmer. The participatory approach has been found to be an effective means to manage natural resources since the community its self is in charge of managing their available resources thereby creating the sense of ownership among them. This approach is believed to bring cost-savings over mandatory policies for regulators, while encouraging individuals and communities to take holistic strategies to improve ND manage their natural resources efficiently (Khan, 2001; Lyon Maxwell, 2004). Another approach used in Zombie is the system approach which encompasses critical view of system earth and the ecosystems approach. Ecosystem approach maintains or restores the composition, structure and function of natural and modified ecosystems for the goal of long-term sustainability. This is an integrated approach made up of protected areas approach, CPRM and the Turnaround Natural Resource Management (TORN). TORN is a board that manages resources found on the boarders of Zombie and its neighboring countries. A good example where this board work effectively it’s between the South African- Zombie boarders. The Turnaround approach rises after a number of factors which includes, the need to better manage shared resources; the drive for economic growth through regional integration and development, the need to foster community participation, promote peace and security and embrace the forces of globalization. This was evidenced by the construction of the game park that stretches from Zombie to South Africa for the management of wildlife and other resources found between the boarders of these two countries. However, despite these envisaged benefits of Turnaround natural resource management (TABOR), there are numerous concerns arising from these initiatives ranging from community normalization, inter – community conflicts and inter – state inequity in the distribution of benefits. How to cite BSc Participant, Papers

GHB, or gamma hydroxybutyrate, is a central nervou Essay Example For Students

GHB, or gamma hydroxybutyrate, is a central nervou Essay GHBs system depressant which can relax or sedate the body that is usually given in a clear liquid form that looks just like water and is usually found in small bottles, like empty Visine bottles, Gatorade bottles, or old water bottles. GHB can also come in the form of a light-colored power, which you mix into soda, alcohol, or water. GHB is relatively cheap, $5-$10 dollars a capful or teaspoonful, and the intoxicating effects usually takes place within 10 to 20 minutes, lasting up to 4 hours, depending on the amount of GHB taken. Theres very little information about GHBs effects on any one body type. A dose that might make a 150-pound girl high could kill a 300-pound man. And the dose that made you high yesterday might kill you today. Porrata, a rave drug specialist and former narcotics detective states. Some of the known side effects of GHB involve intoxication, talking, increased energy, happiness, desire to socialize, sensuality, possible nausea, enhanced sexual experience, feeling playful or affectionate, loss of gag reflex, loss of coordination due to loss of muscle tone, mild disinhibition, or the feeling of freedom; exposure, delusions, depression, dizziness, hallucinations, seizures, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, or difficulty concentrating. Some of the more serious effects include amnesia, vomiting, respiratory problems, loss of conscienceness, being conscience but unable to move, rambling incoherent speech, sedation, disinhibition, giddiness, silliness, desire to sleep, passing out, and death, especially when GHB is mixed with alcohol or other drugs!Some of the slang words used for GHB are Grievous Bodily Harm, G, Liquid Ecstasy (its NOT ecstasy), Salty Water, Scoop, GBH-OH, Fantasy Water, Everclear, Great Hormones at Bedtime, Soap, Goop, Georgia Home Boy, Liquid X , GBH, Gamma-OH, Easy Lay, G-Riffick, Cherry Meth, Jip, the Date Rape Drug, and/or Organic Quaalude. GHB got the name the date rape drug because emergency room patients have been raped while intoxicated by the drug; had it slipped into their drink. It is very difficult for ER doctors to diagnose patients before its too late because GHB usually leaves the body within 12 hours. However, where as older GHB detection tests used to take several millimeters of urine and up to a days worth of lab testing, a new test had been developed which takes about 3 hours for results and only a few drops of urine. Unless youre intentionally taking GHB, protect yourself and others you are with by:Not excepting drinks from strangers. Not leaving your drink unattended while at a party or rave, or anywhere for that matter. Steering clear from open drinks, such as punch bowls. Stick to cans or bottles if youre going to drink. Be aware of GHB and know the signs; have a designated person watch you and if you, or anyone is feeling light-headed, dizzy, or feel as though your limbs are heavy, GET HELP! Particularly when milder symptoms get worse!Be weary of people who arent trust-worthy. The most common mistake made with intoxication of GHB is people neglecting to get help and believing a person who is sick will sleep it off they may never wake up if they arent treated., which is why over the last nine years, theres been an estimated 5,700 reported cases of people whove overdosed on GHB and 65 who have died.